Ferdinand L. Oyono: The Old man and the Medal

On July 30, 2010May 26, 2011 By Dr. Y.In Great Literature43 Comments

Yes… I am actually talking about Ferdinand Leopold Oyono, the Cameroonian writer mostly known for his novels ‘Une Vie de Boy‘ (Houseboy), ‘Le Vieux Nègre et la Medaille‘ (The Old Man and the Medal), and ‘Chemin d’Europe‘ (Road to Europe). I must admit that I have only read the first two. I have decided to focus only on Oyono literary achievement, even though his literary career was quite short, and he also served as ambassador and minister under different presidents of Cameroon for over 40 years.

In his novels, Oyono uses satire to denounce the colonial system, the abuse Africans suffer in the hands of the European. Oyono writes ‘Une vie de boy‘ (Houseboy) as a diary, and casts a critical view on the relations between Africans and Europeans during the colonial era. The main actor is a young boy, who leaves his family where he was mistreated, and ends up with the French missionaries, and later on works as a houseboy for the ‘Commandant’; where he quickly becomes the center of querels between the Commandant and his wife, and is frequently beaten because of what he knows. In his second novel, ‘Le vieux nègre et la medaille‘ (The Old Man and the medal), Oyono evoked the deep sense of disillusionment felt by those Africans who were committed to the west, yet rejected by their colonial masters. Meka, the main protagonist, receives a medal for his services to the French colonial administration, for donating land to the French missionary church and above all for sending his two sons to the second world war where they are killed.

It is interesting that despite his short literary career, Oyono has managed to write two of the most important African novels depicting the relationship between the European colonizer, and the African colonized, a relationship made up of disillusionment, abuse, modernism, education, and cohabitation of two worlds where one is imposed on the other. The British newspaper The Guardian wrote a really good article saluting this great Cameroonian and African writer.

Pius Njawe: A journalist and a freedom fighter

On July 28, 2010May 26, 2011 By Dr. Y.In Great Literature, Great People24 Comments

Le 3 Mai est la journée internationale de la liberté de presse. Pour moi, quand je grandissais à Douala, la liberté de presse avait toujours été symbolisée par Pius Njawe et son journal ‘le Messager‘. Qui au Cameroun n’a pas lu ‘le Messager’? Qui n’a pas souri sous les caricatures du ‘Messager Popoli‘? Je dévorais assidument chaque page de son journal… Au debut, quand j’étais toute petite, la rubrique ‘Takala et Muyenga‘ était la seule qui m’interessait car elle était amusante et il y avait de très belles carricatures (oui j’admets… j’aimais les dessins). Petit à petit, j’ai commencé à lire l’éditorial écrit par Pius Njawe lui-même, et puis finalement le journal tout entier. Mon père étais un abonné hors-pair, et c’est grâce à lui que le ‘Messager’ est devenu presque synonyme de ‘vraies‘ nouvelles (i.e. non contrôlée par l’etat) dans mes pensées. Pius Njawe avait un don, une passion: il aimait la vérité! Il était à la recherche de la vérité et du bien-être de la société civile. Il n’avait pas peur d’aller en prison pour avoir publier des articles poignants contre le gouvernement en place; il avait d’ailleurs été arrêté plus de 126 fois. En 2000, Njawe est nommé parmi les 50 heros de la liberté de la presse des derniers 50 ans.

Quand je pense que Njawe avait créé ‘le Messager’ à l’age de 22 ans en 1979, sans même avoir fait d’études avancées… C’est surprenant!… non, impressionant! Il avait toujours était guidé par sa passion, et c’est certainement pour cela que ‘Le Messager’ était si différent de tous les autres journaux de la place: il était authentique, mû entièrement par la passion et la recherche de la vérité impartiale… bref par le journalisme à l’état pur! Que puis-je dire? La perte de Pius Njawe est comme la perte d’une perle precieuse, car Pius Njawe était effectivement une perle rare pour le Cameroun. Il avait résisté pendant 30 ans, et avait payé de cela par ses détentions arbitraires en prison, le saccage de ses bureaux par le gouvernement, l’exil au Benin (qui avait duré 1 an), la fausse-couche de sa femme (qui avait été battue en prison), la mort de sa femme, et ensuite lui-même. Il a payé de sa vie son amour de sa patrie, de la vérité, et du journalisme. Une chose est sûre et certaine, il a touché chacun d’entre nous, et son oeuvre continuera à jamais. Hasta la vista Pius, tu nous a ouvert les yeux à la cause de la démocratie et de la liberté. Tu resteras dans nos memoires comme étant le plus grand combattant, et opposant camerounais, car tu t’es opposé au népotisme, à la dictature, à l’injustice, et à la gabegie. Comme disait si bien Agostinho Neto: “La lutte continue et la victoire est certaine!”

May 3rd is the World Press Freedom Day. Pius Njawe and his journal ‘le Messager’ have come to symbolize this day to me. Pius Njawe’s pioneering work as the head of le ‘Messager‘ has marked me for as long as I can remember. His journal was not only the first true alternative to Cameroon Tribune (state-owned newspaper), but the real way to find news about what was truly going on in the country. In 2000, the Austria-based International Press Institute listed Mr. Njawe among its 50 world press freedom heroes of the past half-century. The institute called Mr. Njawe “Cameroon’s most beleaguered journalist and one of Africa’s most courageous fighters for press freedom.” Yes… Njawe was the quintessential freedom fighter in a country where the press was constantly controlled and held under the sword of Damocles by the regime. He was arrested over 126 times, most of the time simply for telling the truth and keeping the government under constant check. He embodied what true journalism is all about: the impartial search for truth. While resisting the regime for over 30 years, he had come to symbolize the true voice of the people, the voice of those who could not speak, those who had no one, the people of Cameroon. We salute you Pius, you were indeed a true freedom fighter, and the true representant of the people! You will sorely be missed!

Check out the website of his newspaper: Le Messager, articles by the Thomson Foundation, The Washington Post and the International Press Institute.

I am posting here a video of him giving a conference about Francafrique in 2009.

Pius Njawe: Cameroun et la Francafrique

Une ruse de compère Lièvre

On July 8, 2010November 15, 2011 By Dr. Y.In Great Legends & TalesLeave a comment

En période de sécheresse, la terre aride ne produit presque rien, la famine s’étend dans le pays tant pour les hommes que pour les animaux. Cette année, les récoltes avaient été mauvaises et les greniers étaient vides.

Compère d’Azui, le lièvre aux mille ruses, malgré toute sa malice, souffrait de la faim comme les autres. Du matin au soir, il errait à travers la brousse, ramassant des graines de fruits sauvages, des racines: tout ce qui pouvait être mangé. Or, dans la savane, il aperçoit soudain un baobab.

Il s’en approche, espérant trouver du pain de singe mais il n’y en avait pas. Par contre, lorsqu’il s’approche de l’arbre, des abeilles sortent d’un trou dans le tronc en bourdonnant.

S’il y a des abeilles, il y a du miel se dit compère Azui.

Laissons-les travailler à cette heure! Ne les dérangeons pas! Nous reviendrons ce soir, quand elles seront fatiguées et prêtes à s’endormir. Il sera facile de partager leur repas. Et silence, lièvre s’en retourne chez lui.

Or il y avait dans la savane un génie qui raffolait de miel. Il vient à passer au pied du baobab, aperçoit les abeilles et se tient le même raisonnement qu’Azui.

Le lièvre a tellement faim qu’il se presse de revenir. Il arrive exactement au moment où les abeilles viennent de s’endormir. Il enfonce bras dans le trou du baobab, délicatement, et en retire tous les rayons de miel qu’il peut saisir. Il y en avait encore un peu au fond de la ruche mais le bras de compère lièvre était trop court et il ne pouvait l’attraper. Chargé des rayons de miel, Azui s’éloigne du baobab et s’en revient à sa maison. A peine s’est-il éloigné que le génie amateur de miel arrive. Il plonge le bras dans le trou de l’arbre ou nichaient les abeilles mais ne peut atteindre les rayons de miel qui restaient. Pendant qu’il fait des efforts pour y parvenir, il entend quelqu’un arriver. Pour ne pas être surpris, il entre dans la ruche et s’y blottit. Azui, car c’était lui qui revenait, ne voit donc rien. Il s’approche et enfonce le bras dans le trou. Aussitôt le génie comprend que le voleur de miel est de retour et saisit vigoureusement la main de celui-ci compère lièvre, se voyant pris au piège, se débat de toutes ses forces pour se libérèrent criant:

Qui tient mon bras? Lâchez-moi!

Le génie, le tenant toujours, répond:

C’est moi!

– Qui moi?

– Moi le génie-lanceur de la savane qui va te dévorer.

– Ce n’est pas vrai! dit compère livre le rusé. Il n’y a pas de génie-lanceur. Si cela existait, puisqu’il m’a attrapé, il m’aurait déjà projeté très loin de la ruche! Or je suis toujours là mens! tu n’es qu’un petit voleur de miel!

– Ah? je ne suis pas le génie-lanceur de la savane? Ah! Je mens? C’est ce que nous allons voir! rétorque le génie, très vexé, et de toutes ses forces, il lance Azui le plus loin qu’il peut.

Compère lièvre tombe à bonne distance dans de hauts herbes qui amortissent le choc. Il se relève immédiatement et se met à crier:

Tu es vraiment le génie-lanceur de la savane, mais tu es trop bête! Quand tu me tenais solidement par le bras, j’étais ton prisonnier et tu pouvais me dévorer. Essaie donc de le faire maintenant que tu m’as projeté loin de toi et que je suis libre. A peine a-t-il achevé ces mots qu’il se sauve à toute vitesse vers son terrier. Et le génie, furieux et déçu, le voyant filer comme l’éclair comprend un peu tard qu’il a été berné.

C’est parce qu’il sait toujours se sortir d’affaire grâce à ses astuces que tout le monde, ici, dit que compère lièvre est le plus rusé de tous les animaux.

Conte tiré de “Contes des Lagunes et Savanes,” Collection ‘Fleuve et Flamme,’ édition Edicef, 1975.

The Mpemba effect: Hot water freezes faster than cold water

On June 16, 2010May 26, 2011 By Dr. Y.In Great People, Great Science4 Comments

As an African physicist, I have always wondered why there were no laws, theorems, equations named after African scientists. Living in a world where Schrodinger equation, Bose-Einstein statistics, Pythagorean theorem, and Newton’s laws are norms, and being African, I have always felt left out… It is as if my forefathers were not interested in science, or that modern day Africans were not as bright as Raman (Physics Nobel 1930) or Chandrasekhar (Physics Nobel 1983). Well… I was amazingly surprised when I stumbled upon ‘the Mpemba effect‘: made in Africa, by an African high schooler in 1963 (he later published his findings in 1969). Today, people apply his law without even thinking about where it comes from.

Erasto B. Mpemba, hailing from Tanzania, was still in high school when he came across this phenomenon when freezing hot milk; he noticed that it would freeze before the cold one. After repeating his experiments several times with water and milk, the Mpemba effect was born. The heat transfer is bigger between the warm water and the freezer, than between the cold water and the freezer, leading to a faster process. Several mechanisms can be used to explain this effect, such as: – Evaporation (endothermic process); – Convection (faster heat transfers); frost formation (the colder water will tend to freeze from the top, reducing further heat loss by radiation and air convection, while the warmer water will tend to freeze from the bottom and sides because of water convection); supercooling; and – dissolved gases (Hot water can hold less dissolved gas than cold water, and large amounts of gas escape upon boiling. So the initially warmer water may have less dissolved gas than the initially cooler water). More information on the ‘Mpemba effect’ can be found on Mpemba and Osborne, “Cool”, Physics Education vol. 4, pgs 172–5 (1969) and Can hot water freeze faster than cold water?

As of 2002 Erasto B. Mpemba is retired from being Principal Game Officer for the African Forestry and Wildlife Commission. This might not give rise to a Nobel prize, but it is enough to inspire others.

Oliver N’Goma, le roi incontesté du Zouk Africain

On June 9, 2010December 12, 2013 By Dr. Y.In Great Art, Great Music, Great People2 Comments

Le génie incontesté du Zouk Africain n’est plus! J’ai les yeux remplis de larmes, et l’âme fendue, car c’est encore hier que j’écoutais ‘Bane‘, Nge‘, ‘Bijou‘, ‘Chérie‘, ‘Adia‘, et ‘Assombo‘! Oliver N’Goma (affectueusement NOLI) est un artiste Gabonais, dont la voix suave a fait vibrer l’Afrique toute entière au rythme du Zouk en langues Gabonaises. A mon avis, le don d’ Oliver se mesurait par l’amour des choses bien faites, des melodies dansantes, et de la recherche de la perfection! L’on pouvait ressentir dans sa musique les rayons de soleil sur la peau, et la joie de vivre. Beaucoup disent qu’il devait certainement être un grand amoureux, et adorer les femmes… car à travers ses mélodies, l’on se sentait bercer par l’amour et chaque femme se sentait belle et desirée! La chanson ‘BANE‘ sortie en 1989 fait partie des plus grands hits de la musique africaine moderne a l’egal de ‘MARIO‘ de Franco, d’ANCIEN COMBATTANT de Zao, de PATA PATA de Miriam Makeba, ou encore de KWASSA KWASSA de Kanda Bongo Man. Ce titre est marqué par un equilibre entre la richesse mélodique africaine, et une rythmique zoukante très efficace pour la danse. L’album BANE, devient l’une des plus grosses ventes de l’histoire de la musique africaine. Depuis 1990 aucun autre titre n’a réussi à faire ombre à BANE dans les hit-parades comme dans le coeur du public. L’album ‘ADIA‘ qui voit le jour mi-décembre 95, est un melange parfait de sophistication et foisonnement rythmique. En 2001, apparait ‘SÉVA‘, suivit de ‘SAGA‘ en mai 2006. Tous ces titres confirment clairement le status de roi incontesté du Zouk Africain conferé a Oliver N’Goma! Cher Oliver, tu nous manqueras certainement, mais ton oeuvre bercera l’humanité pour les siecles a venir! Si j’etais reine, je te confererais le status de Roi! Love…

Oliver N’Goma, the king of Afro-Zouk is no longer! Hailing from Gabon, Oliver is one of those artists who only come once in a generation, and whose love for perfection make them unforgettable! His title and album ‘BANE‘ has become one of the most sold singles and albums in the history of African music; it combines warm lyrics, suave melody, and dancing rhythms only found in African cultures! Oliver N’Goma’s music transcends age, race, and gender… Oliver’s love of life could be felt in his music. He was a genius, whose music confered love, life, joy, and peace. Oliver, you will sorely be missed, but your music will remain with us forever. Love…

Miriam Makeba: Speech at the United Nations

On April 7, 2010April 8, 2010 By Dr. Y.In Great People2 Comments

Although just a singer, Miriam Makeba decided that she could not stay without telling the world about the oppression suffered by her people at the hand of the apartheid government. So, with a small voice, she stood at the United Nations General Assembly in 1963 and delivered a speech where she exhorted the leaders of this world to act. In her own words, she said: “I ask all the leaders of the world: would you act differently, would you keep silent and do nothing if you were in our place, would you not resist if you were allowed no right in your own country because the color of your skin was different from the color of the rulers?”

Check it out:

Alexander Pushkin, the Black father of Russian literature

On March 30, 2010May 30, 2017 By Dr. Y.In Great Literature, Great People44 Comments

Yes… that’s right! Alexander Pushkin, the father of modern Russian literature, was in reality Black. His great-grandfather was actually an African slave, Abram Petrovich Gannibal, who later became a general to “Peter the Great”. The regional origin of Gannibal is often contested as it is often said that he was born in 1696 in the village of “Logon” in modern-day Eritrea (a statue of Pushkin was erected in Asmara in 2009), while others claim that he was from the Logone-Birni area in Cameroon (possibly from the Kotoko kingdom or the Kanem-Bornu Empire). Today, most agree that he was actually from Cameroon. Interestingly enough, Alexander himself was very proud of his African ancestry.

Just to give you a time frame, Pushkin lived from 1799 to 1837 in Russia, and even wrote a book about his great-grandfather entitled “Peter the Great’s Negro,” also known as “Blackamoor of Peter the Great.” He is considered to be the greatest Russian poet and pioneered the use of vernacular speech in his poems, plays, mixing both drama and romance. Alexander Pushkin introduced Russia to all the European literary genres. He brought natural speech and foreign influences to create modern poetic Russian. Even though he lived a short life, he left examples of nearly every literary genre of his day: lyric poetry, narrative poetry, the novel, the short story, the drama, the critical essay, and even the personal letter. He lived a life entirely based on his favorite quote: “Live by the pen, die by the sword.” He lived a very provocative life, and was a real playboy. He died in a duel.

Pushkin's monument in St Petersburg — Pushkin’s monument in St Petersburg

Monuments have been erected in Russia, in St Petersburg, Moscow, and schools do carry his name. PBS did a piece on Frontline, entitled Pushkin Genealogy. It is said that Leo Tolstoy‘s book’s character Anna Karenina is based on Pushkin’s daughter (Maria Gartung), whom Tolstoy described as being extremely beautiful and intelligent. Check out some of his books on Amazon: Eugene Onegin, The Queen of Spades, Boris Godunov, and others… Check out Wikipedia to learn more about the father of modern Russian literature.

Alphadi, the magician of African fashion from the desert

On March 28, 2010June 20, 2012 By Dr. Y.In Great Art6 Comments

Alphadi is an African stylist from Niger, with Touareg origin who, just like Pathe’O and Chris Seydou, has revolutionized African fashion. Alphadi was born in Timbuktu Mali from parents who were traders. Alphadi’s gift was born from applying makeup on his sisters and mother as a young child. Very young he was fascinated by anything that could enhance feminine beauty. He hails from Niger, a muslim country where fashion and men don’t quite go together, and are not viewed well. However, this has not stopped Alphadi. After studies in tourism, and actually serving as director in the ministry of tourism in Niger, Alphadi finally decided to start his own line. In 1987, he was awarded the price for Best African Designer by the French federation of Couture and Pret-a-porter. In 1998, he won the Prince Claus Award, while in 1999, he won the Kora award for fashion, and in 2001 Chevalier de l’Ordre de Merite de la France. Alphadi’s work is recognized everywhere: Niamey, Abidjan, Paris, Brussels, New York, Tokyo, etc…

Alphadi's creation — Alphadi’s creation at a fashion show 2009

To encourage fashion on the African continent, he has also created the International Festival of African Fashion (FIMA) organized in his native country of Niger. Even though this event is viewed by radical muslims in his country as being wrong, and his life was even threatened, Alphadi has decided to continue bringing light to his country’s culture and beauty through his art, inviting stylists (such as Yves Saint Laurent, Ralph Lauren, etc…) and models from all over the world to Niger.

Alphadi’s originality is founded in the rich traditions of the Songhai, Zarma, Mbororo or Wodaabe, Haoussa and Touareg people. His insolent style allies itself with audacious lines and forms, creating a balance between the desert and western influences where he gathered his first experiences. In 1999, Alphadi widened his label by creating along side of his haute couture line a new, more sportswear line called “Alphadi Bis”. He also created with Wrangler “Alphadi Jeans” for a younger crowd. And in 2000, he launched l’Air d’Alphadi, the very first perfume by an African couturier.

Please take the time to celebrate this pure African genius of fashion. To learn more about Alphadi, visit his website: http://www.alphadi.net/, http://www.fima-africa.com/, Interview with Alphadi.

Pourquoi les éléphants ont une trompe

On March 15, 2010November 15, 2011 By Dr. Y.In Great Legends & TalesLeave a comment

C’était il y a très, très longtemps à l’époque ou les animaux parlaient et ou les hommes pouvaient comprendre leur langage. Il y avait une grande famine. Kakou Ananzè, l’araignée-à-l’esprit-plein d’astuce a résolu de partir à travers le pays, en quête de nourriture. Il marche longtemps, longtemps, pendant des jours et des nuits. Il aperçoit enfin au loin une fumée qui monte dans le ciel. Il se dirige vers elle. En arrivant, il voit le génie Aziza en train de manger, assis auprès du feu. Sa longue et épaisse chevelure se hérisse autour de sa tête et retombe sur son visage, cachant complètement ses yeux et l’empêchant de voir. Kakou Ananzè s’approche tout doucement du génie Aziza et, sans faire le moindre bruit, commence à voler un peu de nourriture. Quand Aziza prend un morceau de viande, Araignée, vite en prend un autre, tout en faisant bien attention que sa main ne rencontre jamais celle du génie. Bientôt il ne reste plus qu’un seul morceau dans le plat. Instinctivement, Araignée tend la main. Au même moment, le génie tend la sienne, ce qui fait qu’elles se rencontrent.

Qui est là? gronde le génie.

– C’est moi Kakou Ananzè, dit l’Araignée d’une faible voix.

– Je vais te dévorer, rugit Aziza en se dressant.

– Je le veux bien! Répond Kakou Ananzè, mais auparavant, puissant génie, laissez-moi tresser votre chevelure afin que vous puissiez me voir.

Aziza accepte et se rassie, s’adossant à un arbre. Araignée se met à rire sous cape, et prend les longs cheveux du génie. Mais au lieu de les tresser, il s’en sert pour entourer le tronc de l’arbre et ainsi attache solidement Aziza de façon à ce que celui-ci ne puisse plus faire un mouvement.

Te voila prisonnier, pauvre sot! C’est moi maintenant qui vais te dévorer!

Kakou Ananzè met le feu à l’arbre. Et le génie est grillé. Quand il est cuit à point, Araignée le mange. Bientôt il ne reste plus que les os d’Aziza. Déçu, car il avait encore faim, Kakou Ananzè se met à examiner le petit tas d’ossements à la recherche d’un lambeau de viande oublié. Et un os bien long et bien pointu lui pique le nez, puis s’y fixe. Le nez de l’araignée enfle, s’allonge et devient une sorte de longue trompe.

Que vais-je devenir avec cette horrible chose sur le visage? se lamente Kakou Ananzè, il faut que je redevienne normal car les gens vont rire de me voir ainsi.

Or en là, les animaux avaient coutume d’ôter leur nez et de le déposer sur la berge de la rivière ou du marigot, avant d’entrer dans l’eau pour se laver. Araignée profite de cette habitude. Il court jusqu’à la rivière la plus proche et se cache dans les arbustes. Eléphant arrive pesamment pour faire sa toilette. Il ôte son nez, le dépose soigneusement sur l’herbe et entre dans l’eau. Alors Kakou Ananzè s’empare du nez d’Eléphant, ôte sa vilaine trompe qu’il dépose sur l’herbe. Il fixe sur son visage le nez volé et s’enfuit à toute allure.

Quand Eléphant a terminé son bain, il remonte sur la berge et veut récupérer son bien. Mais malgré ses recherches il ne trouve que la vilaine trompe, et il est contraint de la mettre sur sa figure.

Conte tiré de “Contes des Lagunes et Savanes,” Collection ‘Fleuve et Flamme,’ édition Edicef, 1975.

Black presence at the Winter Olympics

On February 25, 2010February 25, 2010 By Dr. Y.In Great Moments1 Comment

Yes… I know… many people say Blacks don’t like the cold! maybe we don’t like the cold, but we still have our indomitable competitive spirit in the cold. This week, I have decided to talk about the few Blacks who have been representing the indomitable strength of our race at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

What best way than to start with Shani Davis, an olympian from Chicago, IL. Shani Davis is a proud member of the American speed skating team, and competes in both long and short track speed skating. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Davis became the first Black athlete to ever win an individual gold medal at the winter games. This year in Vancouver, Davis became the first man to ever win back-to-back gold medal in the 1000 m speed skating event. He also won the silver medal in the 1500m event. His story is truly exceptional, and tells of hard work in a sport where very few Blacks have ever competed.

Vancouver also allowed us to meet Robin Szolkowy of Germany, whose father is from Tanzania and mother from Germany. Szolkowy is a German pair skater, who skated with partner Aliona Savchenko to win the Bronze medal at the Olympics this year.

Two members of the British Bobsleigh team are Henry Nwume and Lascelles Brown. A proud member of the female bobsleigh Canadian team is Shelley-Ann Brown; One of our brothers, Jarome Iginla, is also part of the Canadian ice-hockey team, which will probably take gold this year. Sister Nkeiruka Ezekh is a Russian Federation curling athlete.

Our hats are raised to Ethiopian cross-country skier Robel Teklemariam, Ghanaian Alpine skier Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong also known as the “snow leopard”, Jamaican freestyle skier Errol Kerr, Senegalese alpine skier Leyti Seck, and Algerian cross-country skier Meidhi-Selim Khelifi who have proudly represented the continent, and our entire race this year by participating for the first time at the Winter olympics.

To find out more about Black presence at the Winter olympics, feel free to read this really good article published by The Root and entitled Soul on ice. This article shows pictures of brothers and sisters, pioneers at the Winter Olympics, such as Debi Thomas, Surya Bonaly, Vonetta Flowers, Randy Jones, Garrett Hines, and few others.

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