Modérez vos appetits / Moderate Your Appetite

African basket
African basket

On ne va pas mendier avec un panier (Proverbe Douala – Cameroun). – Modérez vos appetits.

Don’t go begging with a basket (Duala proverb – Cameroon). – Moderate your appetite.

Coincidence ? The MoU between the EU and Rwanda, and the Renewed Conflicts in Eastern DRC

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) mineral map (Source: Atlas du continent africain, Jeune Afrique et editions Jaguar, 2000)

Last February, the European Union (EU) agreed to discuss the price of minerals coming from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with Rwanda. Unheard of!!! Such a preposterous agreement! The EU and Rwanda signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen Rwanda’s role in fostering sustainable development and resilient value chains for critical raw materials MOU on Sustainable Raw Materials Value Chains between the EU and Rwanda. Since then, several mineral-rich Congolese cities have been captured by the M23, a rebellious movement backed by Rwanda. The town with one of the biggest coltan reservoirs in the world, Rubaya was captured by the M23 rebels in May of last year. Kanyabayonga, Kirumba, Shasha, Vuvano, Kiuli, and Mbwambaliro are other cities that were captured by the M23 this year. Rubaya is rich in coltan, tantalum, cobalt; north Kivu, gold, tin, and of course diamond. Just 2 weeks ago, the town of Masisi was captured by the M23 rebels. Coincidence or Not? Coltan-rich Town Captured.

To learn more about Coltan and the town of Masisi, please check out this great article by the Toronto Star. Excerpts below are from the BBC on the capture of Masisi

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Flag of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Rebel forces backed by Rwanda have captured the town of Masisi in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo, according to various reports. This is the second town seized by the M23 group in as many days in the mineral-rich North Kivu province. The group has taken control of vast swathes of eastern DR Congo since 2021, forcing hundreds of thousands of people to flee their homes.

Angola has been attempting to mediate talks between President Félix Tshisekedi and his Rwandan counterpart, Paul Kagame. But these broke down last month.

It is with dismay that we learn of the capture of Masisi centre by the M23,” Alexis Bahunga, a member of North Kivu provincial assembly, told the AFP news agency.

He said this “plunges the territory into a serious humanitarian crisis” and urged the government to strengthen the capacity of the army in the region.

It is not clear how many people were killed in the fighting between the M23 and the army and pro-government militias. …

Masisi, which has a population of about 40,000, is the capital of the territory of the same name. It is about 80km (50 miles) north of the North Kivu provincial capital Goma, which the M23 briefly occupied in 2012.

On Friday, the M23 captured the nearby town of Katale. Last year, there were fears that the M23 would once again march on Goma, a city of about two million people.

… In July, Rwanda did not deny a UN report saying it had about 4,000 soldiers fighting alongside the M23 in DR Congo. …

Tentation / Temptation

Femme africaine / African Woman

Vous avez pris une petite antilope, ne la lâchez pas parce que vous entendez un gros sanglier (Proverbe Ngombe – République Démocratique du Congo (RDC)). – N’abandonnez pas votre femme parce que vous voyez une autre.

You have caught a small antelope, do no let go of it because you hear a big boar (Ngombe proverb – Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)). – Do not leave your wife because you see another one.

German Colonial Treaties in Africa : German Treaty in Bimbia – 11 July 1884

Flag of Deutsch Kamerun 1914

We are introducing you to the German colonial treaty signed with the Chiefs of Bimbia in Cameroon in July 1884. In a few days, we will tell you a lot more about Bimbia and its important place in the transatlantic slave trade along the gulf of Guinea. By 1898, the Jantzen & Thormählen German trading firm had their headquarters in Bimbia, in the Victoria District, and lands in DebundschaIsongo Udje and Mokundange. As we read the text, we can still find the River Bimbia in today’s geography of the locality, but what does River Mofinioselle, which sounds like a European butchering of a local name, correspond to?

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Agreement with Chiefs of Bimbia.

Adolf Woermann, owner of the Woermann-Linie, which was at the time the largest ship line in the world, and a biggest German trader to West Africa

WE, the undersigned independent Chiefs of the country called Bimbia, situated between the River Bimbia on the south side, the River Mofinioselle on the north side, and up to 5 miles on the sea shore, have, in a meeting held to-day in the German factory on King William’s Beach, voluntarily concluded as follows:—

We give this day our rights of sovereignty—the legislation and management of this our country—entirely up to M. Edward Schmidt, acting for the firm of C. Woorrmann [Woermann], and M. Johannes Vos, acting for Messrs. Johnson and Thormeihlen [Thormälen], both in Hamburgh, and for many years trading in this river.

We have conveyed our rights of sovereignty, the legislation and management of this our country, to the firms mentioned above, under the following reservations:—

  1. Under reservation of the rights of third persons.
  2. Reserving that all friendships and Commercial Treaties made before with other foreign Governments should have full power.
  1. That the land allotted or occupied by us now, and the plains the towns are built on, shall be the property of the present owners and successors.
  2. That the “dash” shall be paid as before.

Adolf Woermann Monument in Douala, Cameroon

King William’s Town—

(Signed)

QUAN, his X mark.

EKONGOLA, ditto.

FREEBORN, ditto.

MAT KING, ditto.

NEVERWASH, ditto,

DAUBE KING WILLIAM, ditto.

CHARLES ERN ART, ditto.

BIMBIA PINISO, ditto.

JOHN PINISO, ditto.

Two Chiefs of Eciollo Town.

Money Town—

(Signed)

MONEY, his + mark.

JOHNNY MONEY, ditto.

(And 8 Chiefs).

Signed at Bimbia, German Factory, Hanusa, July 11, 1884.

Proverbe sur les origines / Proverb on Origins

Eau chaude / Hot water

L’eau chaude n’oublie pas qu’elle était d’abord froide (Proverbe Burundais – Burundi). – On n’oublie pas ses origines.

Hot water does not forget that it was first cold (Burundian proverb – Burundi). – We do not forget your origins.

Happy 2025 !

Dear Readers, 2025 is upon us!

May 2025 be a book you will author. Write your chapters of joy, love, and extraordinary adventures in it!

The top 6 posts of the year 2024 are listed below with two old-time favorites, “Love Poem for my Country” by Sandile Dikeni took first place as the most read post of the year, while another favorite poem “My Name” by Magoleng wa Selepe took second place. The surprise of the year was the post “The Lebombo Bone: The Oldest Mathematical Artifact in the World,” which reinforces the rich archaeological and scientific parts of the African continent which is the cradle of humanity. Other surprises were the songs ‘Asimbonanga‘ on freedom from apartheid by South African Johnny Clegg, and ‘Yamore‘ on love by the Malian great Salif Keïta and Cape-Verdean diva Cesaria Evora. We wish you a full and amazing new year, rich in blessings and greatness. Like the vibrant petals of this flower, may your year be vibrant, bringing in new fruits! As always, like Agostinho Neto said, “A luta continua … a vitória é certa!

  1. ‘Love Poem for my Country’ by Sandile Dikeni
  2. ‘My Name’ by Magoleng wa Selepe
  3.  The Lebombo Bone: The Oldest Mathematical Artifact in the World
  4. ‘Asimbonanga’ by Johnny Clegg
  5. “Yamore” by Salif Keita and Cesaria Evora
  6. ‘A ma Mère / To my Mother’ by Camara Laye

Take a Leap of Faith

African Kingfisher

Celui qui attend la chance risque d’attendre un an (proverbe Yoruba – Nigeria).

One who waits for chance may wait a year (Yoruba proverb – Nigeria).

Who / What did We Celebrate in Africa in 2024 ?

There was a lot to celebrate in Africa this year. Below are just a few:

  1. Alliance des Etats du Sahel (AES) (Source: Alliance-sahel.org)
    In January, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger left the ECOWAS creating a major seismic shift in the organization. Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger all leave the ECOWAS. This came as no surprise given that the coup to topple puppet governments in their respective countries, the ECOWAS had suffocated these countries by suspending all three countries and imposing heavy sanctions on Mali and Niger that exacerbated the populations’ sentiments that it is a puppet organization serving foreign interests. Niger even tried to amend the situations by inviting ECOWAS representatives to the country, but only the member from Togo showed up. Why should anybody remain in an organization that punishes its member populations? 
  2. In January, Ghanaian artifacts were returned home for the first time in 150 years, on a “loan”. Ghana Artefacts “Return” Home 150 years later … on Loan. It is a disappointment that African governments can only get “loans” for what is dutifully theirs from those institutions which have amassed millions over the year from the exhibition of stolen African artefacts.
  3. The Elephants are winners of the Africa Cup of Nations 2023 (Source: CAFonline.com)
    In February, the Elephants of Cote d’Ivoire gave us a thrill from being redeemed in the knockout stage with 2 defeats (among which a 4-0 loss against Equatorial Guinea) that left them open to elimination, and a redemption that came from being one of the four best 3rd-placed team, a coach sacking, and a coach change, to lift the trophy of the Africa Cup of Nations. It was a real “Coup du Marteau” (Tam Sir, we are talking about your special song!) The Ivorians added to their previous Nations Cup wins of 1992 and 2015 (Côte d’Ivoire wins the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations) and became the first tournament hosts to triumph since Egypt lifted the trophy in 2006. CAN 2023: the Elephants of Côte d’Ivoire are the New Champions
  4. Bassirou Diomaye Faye (Source: Seneweb.net)
    In March, Bassirou Diomaye Faye was elected president of Senegal, making him the youngest African president at 44. This was a joyous moment for the Senegalese people who stood to have their democratic system and constitution upheld. Faye is very unconventional, as the youngest with no political background (he was previously a tax officer), he is also the first Senegalese president to openly have two wives. With his friend and Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko, we hope for better governance for Senegal. Senegal Presidential Elections: Bassirou Diomaye Faye is set to be the next president. Either way, the Senegalese have demonstrated once again, that although their democracy is young, it is not to be messed with!
  5. Map of Niger
    In mid-March, Niger suspended military “cooperation” with the USA, with immediate effect. Operating from years of condescending treatments of those deemed inferior, particularly of Africans, the Americans had decided to dictate their will, like the French before, to Niger people and deny their sovereign rights to choose their own partnerships in their fight against terrorism. The spokesman of Niger’s government, Colonel Amadou Abdramane, exposed the fact that the military “cooperation” with the US was not even a real one, i.e. the US had installed their largest drone base in Africa, and possibly in the world, in Niger via a verbal agreement only, and the Niger people had to pay for the American base in their country, while the Americans never raised a hand to help Niger fight against terrorist attacks that were maiming their citizens [Bye Bye to French Troops in NigerFrance set to Withdraw Troops and Ambassador from Niger]. Niger suspends military “cooperation” with the US, effective immediately.
  6. Alliance des Etats du Sahel (source: linfodusahel.com)
    Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso’s leaders met on July 6, 2024 in Niamey, Niger, as part of the first summit of the Alliance des Etats du Sahel (AES – Alliance of the Sahel States). During the summit, the three leaders signed a confederation treaty aimed at strengthening the links between the three nations in terms of defence, and other aspects such as the economy, infrastructures, and more. They reinforced their mutual defence pact.
  7. Right before the Paris Olympics, brother Biniam Girmay of Eritrea made history by becoming the first African to win a stage at the Tour de France, and two more stage victories which helped him capture the green jersey for the highest points scorer – a first for anyone from the continent.
  8. Faith Kipyegon winning historic 3rd gold medal at the Paris 2024 Olympics (source: Kelly Ayodi for Olympics Kenya – EastleighVoice.co.ke)
    The Paris 2024 Olympics ended with a strong show from African athletes who shined in various  disciplines, and represented many countries including outside of Africa. They made us proud and served us joy, endurance, and passion. We will list just a few. We had a lot of firsts, like our Kenyan sister Faith Kipyegon who won her 3rd successive Olympic gold in the women’s 1500 m, making her the first African athlete to ever win gold in the same event 3 times in a row. Our brother Letsile Tebogo of Botswana earned the top most place in the Men’s 200 m thus giving Botswana and Africa as a whole its first ever olympic gold medal in the 200 m; Tebogo also led the Botswana’s team to a silver medal in the
    Letsile Tebogo after winning gold in 200m (Source: Onuaonline)
    Men’s 4x400m relay, again a first for any African country ever. Ugandan brother Joshua Cheptegei delivered on his promise for his last Olympics to be memorable by winning gold in the Men’s 10,000 m, and landing Uganda its first gold at the games. Tatjana Smith of South Africa made her country proud by winning gold and silver medals in the Women’s 200m and 100m breaststroke events. Akani Simbine and South African track team delivered us silver in the Men’s 4 x 100 m relay, again a first for South Africa, and for Africa as a whole.  Kaylia Nemour gave Algeria and Africa its very first victory ever in gymnastics with a gold in the Women’s Uneven bars in artistic gymnastics. Tamirat Tola, who was just added to the Ethiopian Olympics’s team 2 weeks prior, took home the gold medal in the Men’s Marathon. Ahmed Elgendy won the first gold medal for Egypt at any Olympics, becoming the first African and person to win in the new discipline of Men’s Modern Pentathlon. Cabo Verde got its very first medal at the Olympic games through David de Pina who won bronze in the Men’s 51 kg Boxing. Zambian Muzala Samukonga won the bronze medal in the Men’s 400m, giving his country its very first Olympic medal.
  9. Aliko Dangote, Africa’s richest man, has built one of the world’s largest oil refineries in Nigeria, Africa. The refinery opened its doors last year, and in May shipped out its first boat of refined jet fuel to the Netherlands. Since then, the refinery has gotten into agreements with the Nigerian governments and neighboring ones as well.
  10. Paris Paralympics 2024 (Source: https://www.paralympic.org/paris-2024)
    Africa shone at the Paralympics, winning 64 medals, with Morocco getting the most medals with 15 medals, but Algeria topped the continent’s medal table thanks to its 6 gold medals vs. 3 gold for Morocco. Most medals were won in para-athletics and para-powerlifting disciplines. Veteran Raoua Tlili of Tunisia cemented her place as a legend in the F41 discus throw and shot put, winning 2 gold medals this year, giving her a total of 8 gold medals for her country, having competed in each Olympics since
    Raoua Tlili (Source: Outlook India)
    Beijing 2008. Nigeria’s Mariam Eniola Bolaji became the first African to win an Olympic or Paralympic medal in Badminton. Yovanni Philippe gave Mauritius its first medal ever by securing a bronze medal in the men’s T20 400m; while Annaba native, Brahim Guendouz won gold in para-canoeing’s KL3 class over 200m, giving Algeria its first ever medal in a discipline outside of para-athletics, para-judo, and para-powerlifting. 
  11. Gael Faye and his book Jacaranda
    African authors made great wins and firsts: they won the most important literary awards in French literature: the Goncourt prize, which was awarded to Kamel Daoud for his third novel titled «Houris», and the Renaudot prize awarded to Gaël Faye for «Jacaranda». Daoud’s novel is currently in a controversy. Africans win the Goncourt and Renaudot 2024 Literary Prizes.
  12. Zimbabwe’s new currency, the ZiG (Source: France24)
    Niger took control of its uranium when Orano has been suspended by the Niger government, while Mali inaugurated the construction of a lithium extraction plant (recall that Zimbabwe also inaugurated a lithium processing plant last year), and is working towards nationalizing its gold. Resolute Mining, has agreed to pay Mali’s government $160 millions to settle a tax dispute (Mali wins $160m in Gold Mining Dispute).  Zimbabwe Gold-Backed Currency was introduced in April; the ZiG, which stands for Zimbabwe Gold, was created as an effort to try to alleviate inflation, and stabilize the economy; thus far, it has not been successful, but it is only the beginning.
  13. Andakia
    A Senegalese startup, Andakia, has just introduced the very first African AI: AWA.  AWA is a Wolof-speaking artificial intelligence system; it is the brainchild of Alioune Badara Mbengue.  In an interview to TRT Afrika, Mbengue said, “AWA is the first AI that understands and speaks perfect Wolof. Our vision is to extend AWA to other African languages, enabling Africa to become a leader in digital innovation and ensure technological sovereignty tailored to its needs.” Users need to simply engage in a spoken exchange with the AI interface in Wolof, seeking general information or asking it to perform tasks such as ordering a taxi, ordering a meal, or carrying out financial and other transactions. This is revolutionary as it addresses the needs of the population. We applaud the amazing work of our brother and his team, and truly the sky is the limit. 

Who / What did We Say Goodbye to in Africa in 2024 ?

In 2024, we said goodbye to many people and things in Africa. Below are a few:

  1. President Hage Geingob (Source: TheHealthSite)

    In February, the 3rd president of Namibia, Hage Geingob, passed away in Windhoek, Namibia, from cancer. As a strong freedom and anti-apartheid activist, in his early years, he fought to set the international stage for the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO) and the Namibian fight for independence from South Africa; we remember his years of service and sacrifice for the nation of Namibia, and Southern Africa as a whole. So Long Hage Geingob, Third President of Namibia – African Heritage

  2. In February, Kenyan athlete Kelvin Kiptum and his coach died in a car crash in their home country. Kiptum epitomized athletic brilliance. His record-breaking marathon performances catapulted him into global recognition, with contributions extending beyond the track. In his hometown, Kiptum established programs that provided sports training and education for underprivileged youth, ensuring that his success translated into broader societal impact.
  3. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) mineral map (Source: Atlas du continent africain, Jeune Afrique et editions Jaguar, 2000)

    In February, the European Union (EU) agreed to discuss the price of minerals coming from the DRC with Rwanda. Unheard of!!! Such a preposterous agreement! The EU and Rwanda signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen Rwanda’s role in fostering sustainable development and resilient value chains for critical raw materials MOU on Sustainable Raw Materials Value Chains between the EU and Rwanda. Since then, several mineral-rich Congolese cities have been captured by the M23, a rebellious movement backed by Rwanda. The town with one of the biggest coltan reservoirs in the world, Rubaya was captured by the M23 rebels. Kanyabayonga, Kirumba, Shasha, Vuvano, Kiuli, and Mbwambaliro are other cities that were captured by the M23 this year. Rubaya is rich in coltan, tantalum, cobalt; north Kivu, gold, tin, and of course diamond. Coincidence or Not? Coltan-rich Town Captured – African Heritage

  4. 'Segu' by Maryse Conde
    ‘Segu’ by Maryse Conde

    In April, Maryse Condé, the grande Dame of Caribbean literature left us, aged 90. Condé’s work has touched so many throughout the world, as it was a literary bridge between Africa, the Caribbean, and Europe. Her best work, Segu, is a great favorite. My first encounter with Maryse Condé’s work, was when I read her book “La Belle Créole.” Then I read Segu, and really that was it! I was sold… It was unforgettable, strong, and vivid. Maryse Conde: The Grande Dame of Caribbean Literature is no more – African Heritage

  5. In June, the African National Congress (ANC) of South Africa suffered a historic defeat. The ANC, the party which brought the end of the apartheid regime, lost its parliamentary majority in a historic election on June 1. This puts South Africa on a new political path for the first time since the end of the apartheid system of white minority rule 30 years
    ANC flag
    ANC flag

    ago. The ANC won just over 40% of the votes cast, short of the majority; the Democratic Alliance (DA) won 22% of the votes coming in second; Jacob Zuma’s uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) party came in third with 15% of the vote, while Julius Malema’s Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) came in fourth with 9.5%. The ANC’s historic 30-year loss in South Africa and its subsequent unusual coalition with the Democratic Alliance has been rocky so far as shown by one side’s continued support of Russia and the other’s support of Ukraine.

  6. Issa Hayatou (Source: BellaNaija.com)

    In August, the longest-serving president of the Confederation of African Football (CAF), the Cameroonian Issa Hayatou joined his ancestors this year. Hayatou was a legend who transformed African football into a powerhouse. His visionary leadership expanded Africa’s presence at the FIFA World Cup from two teams in 1982 to 3, 5, and eventually 10 by 2026. He relentlessly lobbyied for the place of Africa in the world of football, including the dream of an African country hosting the world cup, which materialized with South Africa as a host in 2010. He also expanded the Africa Cup of Nations (CAN), increasing participating teams from 8 to 24, creating more opportunities for African nations to compete on the global stage. His legacy in African football is unmatched.

  7. Rebecca Cheptegei (Source: swiftsportsug.com)
    In September, talented Ugandan cross-country, long-distance, and marathon runner Rebecca Cheptegei was set ablaze by her former boyfriend who doused her with petrol over a land dispute in northern Kenya; she died of sustained injuries from the fire. As an athlete, her accomplishments included Olympic gold medals, and she was also a member of the Ugandan armed forces. Her death highlighted the domestic violence issues against women in Kenya which has been a big public problem this year with several marches against it.
  8. In October, Hama Amadou, a former prime minister of Niger who consistently pushed for governance grounded in accountability and transparency left us. Despite facing imprisonment and exile due to his political stances, Amadou remained committed to justice and the dream of a prosperous West Africa. He was given all honors for his funerals by the current Nigerien government. His story reflects the perseverance required to navigate political adversity, leaving a legacy of resilience and hope for future reformers.
  9. Flag of Chad
    Bye bye to French military bases in Chad. France began withdrawing its Mirage fighter jets from Chad on December 10, 2024. Two Mirage 2000-D fighters departed from a French base in N’Djamena and returned to France. This move is part of a larger French military withdrawal from Chad, following the end of the defense cooperation agreement between the two countries on Nov. 29, 2024 when Chad and Senegal Ordered French Military Bases Out of their Territories. While the Chadian president has remained strong in his decision, the Senegalese president has since corrected, saying that it was just the start to start the discussion.
  10. Cyclone Chido’s path of destruction (Source: blog.thegovernmentrag.com)
    On December 14, 2024, the island of Mayotte was hit by the cyclone Chido which left total devastation behind. 80% of the island, which is a French overseas department, was destroyed when the cyclone brought winds exceeding 200 km/h (124 mph) and gusts over 225 km/h (140 mph). The current death toll is 35, (French PM says only dozens killed not thousands) but all expect it to be significantly higher in the thousands, given that majority of the population is Muslim (and thus bury their dead within 24 hours), and many were illegals thus had no papers due to the huge illegal migration to that island. Moreover, cyclone Chido also caused significant damage in Mozambique, causing more deaths, making it likely that the numbers given by the French authorities should be significantly higher. During his visit, the French president Emmanuel Macron had the gull to insult the bereaved populations, handing out moral lessons. Our hearts and prayers go out to our brothers and sisters of Mayotte and Mozambique.

Gratitude

Presenter les 2 mains / Presenting both hands

Celui qui reçoit de Dieu présente les deux mains (Proverbe Kirundi – Burundi).

He who receives from God presents both hands (Kirundi proverb – Burundi).