Alexander Pushkin, the Black father of Russian literature

Young Alexander Pushkin
Young Alexander Pushkin

Yes… that’s right! Alexander Pushkin, the father of modern Russian literature, was in reality Black.  His great-grandfather was actually an African slave, Abram Petrovich Gannibal, who later became a general to “Peter the Great”.  The regional origin of Gannibal is often contested as it is often said that he was born in 1696 in the village of “Logon” in modern-day Eritrea (a statue of Pushkin was erected in Asmara in 2009), while others claim that he was from the Logone-Birni area in Cameroon (possibly from the Kotoko kingdom or the Kanem-Bornu Empire).  Today, most agree that he was actually from Cameroon. Interestingly enough, Alexander himself was very proud of his African ancestry.

Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Pushkin

Just to give you a time frame, Pushkin lived from 1799 to 1837 in Russia, and even wrote a book about his great-grandfather entitled “Peter the Great’s Negro,” also known as “Blackamoor of Peter the Great.” He is considered to be the greatest Russian poet and pioneered the use of vernacular speech in his poems, plays, mixing both drama and romance. Alexander Pushkin introduced Russia to all the European literary genres. He brought natural speech and foreign influences to create modern poetic Russian. Even though he lived a short life, he left examples of nearly every literary genre of his day: lyric poetry, narrative poetry, the novel, the short story, the drama, the critical essay, and even the personal letter. He lived a life entirely based on his favorite quote: “Live by the pen, die by the sword.” He lived a very provocative life, and was a real playboy. He died in a duel.

Pushkin's monument in St Petersburg
Pushkin’s monument in St Petersburg

Monuments have been erected in Russia, in St Petersburg, Moscow, and schools do carry his name. PBS did a piece on Frontline, entitled Pushkin Genealogy. It is said that Leo Tolstoy‘s book’s character Anna Karenina is based on Pushkin’s daughter (Maria Gartung), whom Tolstoy described as being extremely beautiful and intelligent. Check out some of his books on Amazon: Eugene Onegin, The Queen of Spades, Boris Godunov, and others… Check out Wikipedia to learn more about the father of modern Russian literature.

Alphadi, the magician of African fashion from the desert

Alphadi
Alphadi

Alphadi is an African stylist from Niger, with Touareg origin who, just like Pathe’O and Chris Seydou, has revolutionized African fashion.  Alphadi was born in Timbuktu Mali from parents who were traders.  Alphadi’s gift was born from applying makeup on his sisters and mother as a young child.  Very young he was fascinated by anything that could enhance feminine beauty.  He hails from Niger, a muslim country where fashion and men don’t quite go together, and are not viewed well.  However, this has not stopped Alphadi.  After studies in tourism, and actually serving as director in the ministry of tourism in Niger, Alphadi finally decided to start his own line.  In 1987, he was awarded the price for Best African Designer by the French federation of Couture and Pret-a-porter.  In 1998, he won the Prince Claus Award, while in 1999, he won the Kora award for fashion, and in 2001 Chevalier de l’Ordre de Merite de la France.  Alphadi’s work is recognized everywhere: Niamey, Abidjan, Paris, Brussels, New York, Tokyo, etc…

Alphadi's creation
Alphadi’s creation at a fashion show 2009

To encourage fashion on the African continent, he has also created the International Festival of African Fashion (FIMA) organized in his native country of Niger.  Even though this event is viewed by radical muslims in his country as being wrong, and his life was even threatened, Alphadi has decided to continue bringing light to his country’s culture and beauty through his art, inviting stylists (such as Yves Saint Laurent, Ralph Lauren, etc…) and models from all over the world to Niger.

Alphadi's creation
Alphadi’s creation

Alphadi’s originality is founded in the rich traditions of the Songhai, Zarma, Mbororo or WodaabeHaoussa and Touareg people.  His insolent style allies itself with audacious lines and forms, creating a balance between the desert and western influences where he gathered his first experiences. In 1999, Alphadi widened his label by creating along side of his haute couture line a new, more sportswear line called “Alphadi Bis”.  He also created with Wrangler “Alphadi Jeans” for a younger crowd.  And in 2000, he launched l’Air d’Alphadi, the very first perfume by an African couturier.

Please take the time to celebrate this pure African genius of fashion. To learn more about Alphadi, visit his website: http://www.alphadi.net/, http://www.fima-africa.com/, Interview with Alphadi.

Pourquoi les éléphants ont une trompe

Araignee
Kakou Ananze

C’était il y a très, très longtemps à l’époque ou les animaux parlaient et ou les hommes pouvaient comprendre leur langage. Il y avait une grande famine. Kakou Ananzè, l’araignée-à-l’esprit-plein  d’astuce a résolu de partir à travers le pays, en quête de nourriture. Il marche longtemps, longtemps, pendant des jours et des nuits. Il aperçoit  enfin au loin une fumée qui monte dans le ciel. Il se dirige vers elle. En arrivant, il voit le génie Aziza  en train de manger, assis auprès du feu. Sa longue et épaisse chevelure se hérisse autour de sa tête et retombe sur son visage, cachant complètement ses yeux et l’empêchant de voir. Kakou Ananzè  s’approche tout doucement du génie Aziza et, sans faire le moindre bruit, commence à voler un peu de nourriture. Quand Aziza prend un morceau de viande, Araignée, vite en prend un autre, tout en faisant bien attention que sa main ne rencontre jamais celle du génie. Bientôt il ne reste plus qu’un seul morceau dans le plat. Instinctivement, Araignée tend la main. Au même  moment, le génie tend la sienne, ce qui  fait  qu’elles se rencontrent.

Qui est là? gronde le génie.

– C’est  moi Kakou Ananzè, dit l’Araignée d’une faible voix.

– Je vais te dévorer, rugit Aziza en se dressant.

– Je le veux bien! Répond Kakou Ananzè, mais auparavant, puissant génie, laissez-moi tresser votre chevelure afin que vous puissiez me voir.

Elephant
Elephant

Aziza accepte et se rassie, s’adossant à un arbre. Araignée se met à rire sous cape, et prend les longs cheveux du génie. Mais au lieu de les tresser, il s’en sert pour entourer le tronc de l’arbre et ainsi attache solidement Aziza  de façon à ce que celui-ci ne puisse plus faire un mouvement.

Te voila prisonnier, pauvre sot! C’est moi maintenant qui vais te dévorer!

Kakou Ananzè met le feu à l’arbre. Et le génie est grillé. Quand il est cuit à point, Araignée le mange. Bientôt il ne reste plus que les os d’Aziza. Déçu, car il avait encore faim, Kakou Ananzè se met à examiner le petit tas d’ossements à la recherche  d’un lambeau de viande oublié. Et un os bien long et bien pointu lui pique le nez, puis  s’y fixe. Le nez de l’araignée enfle, s’allonge et devient une sorte de longue trompe.

Que vais-je devenir avec cette horrible chose sur le visage? se lamente Kakou Ananzè, il faut que je redevienne normal car les gens vont rire de me voir ainsi.

La trompe de l'elephant
La trompe de l'elephant

Or en là, les animaux avaient coutume d’ôter leur nez et de le déposer sur la berge de la rivière ou du marigot, avant d’entrer dans l’eau pour se laver. Araignée profite de cette habitude. Il court jusqu’à la rivière la plus proche et se cache dans les arbustes. Eléphant arrive pesamment pour faire sa toilette. Il ôte son nez, le dépose soigneusement sur l’herbe et entre dans l’eau. Alors Kakou Ananzè s’empare du nez d’Eléphant, ôte sa vilaine trompe qu’il  dépose sur l’herbe. Il fixe sur son visage le nez volé et s’enfuit à toute allure.

Quand Eléphant a terminé son bain, il remonte sur la berge et veut récupérer son bien. Mais malgré ses recherches il ne trouve que la vilaine trompe, et il est contraint de la mettre sur sa figure.

Conte tiré de “Contes des Lagunes et Savanes,” Collection ‘Fleuve et Flamme,’ édition Edicef, 1975.