Remembering Hector Pietersen : South Africa and Xenophobia

Soweto Uprising (Source:kilimedia.com)
Soweto Uprising: children running away (Source: kilimedia.com)

Today marks the celebration of the 1976 Soweto Uprisings which have been seen historically as the beginning to the end of apartheid in South Africa, and which is a public holiday celebrated South Africa as Youth Day. Remembrance: 16 June 1976 Soweto Massacre. It is also celebrated as the International Day of the African Child. On June 16, 1976, thousands of Black students in Soweto, South Africa, marched to protest the compulsory use of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in schools, seen as a tool of oppression under apartheid. The peaceful protest escalated when police responded with tear gas, batons, and live ammunition resulting in the deaths of hundreds of students including 13-year-old Hector Pieterson whose image became the international symbol of the uprising.
I visited the Hector Pieterson’s memorial in Soweto and talked about it here extensively. Visiting the Hector Pieterson Memorial and Museum. June 16 is a day to commemorate and remember the ills of apartheid and their treatment of the Black community and how children who were just protesting for some basic rights, the right to education were massacred.

Hector Pieterson being carried away by Mbuyisa Makhubo, with his sister running alongside (Photo by: Sam Nzima)

Now, 50 years later, South Africa is back to being a xenophobic country … I don’t like using such words because it implies a generalization which should not be done, but how do you explain the current division or hate for African foreigners in South Africa? We all remember how, during the apartheid era, many African governments supported, hosted, and even funded the ANC for the liberation of the Black population of South Africa and now this? After apartheid, attacks on migrants in townships started becoming more prevalent and cyclical. Foreign shop owners are accused of “stealing jobs” or undercutting local businesses, especially in the informal economy. Around the world, migrants are frequently cast as scapegoats for deeper structural problems, reaching from inequality and corruption to weak economic growth and state failure. In South Africa, this scapegoating overwhelmingly targets Black and African migrants: Zimbabweans, Nigerians, Mozambicans, Ghanaians, etc.

Plaque to the Hector Pieterson Monument

When will the Black South African population realize that this is just a division tactic used by politicians to shift the blame for their poor performance or lack thereof? In other parts of Africa, they use tribalism, but in South Africa it is xenophobia. Black South Africans are taking their frustrations at unemployment, social inequality, on other Africans who they claim take their jobs or are illegals! Yet, they say nothing about the Europeans who come and stay or take jobs, or own lands, or who inherited from the wealth that came from the apartheid regime. Instead of blaming their governments who have been misappropriating funds, they take it out on the rest of Africans residing in their country. They forget that over 90% of the wealth is still in the hands of Whites or people who profit from separation. That just because ‘apartheid’ no longer exists or rather its name, it still is present, and they still own nothing! They don’t realize that this is a tactic for those in power (the government and more) and to keep them down, distracted from the real issues of economic empowerment, land ownership, and more. Even former President Thabo Mbeki addressed this, when he warned against blaming immigrants for South Africa’s unemployment crisis, urging citizens to reject xenophobic narratives that scapegoat other Africans for domestic governance failures.

Map and Flag of Ghana
Map and Flag of Ghana

The governments of Nigeria and Ghana have now started repatriating their citizens. Over 1,000 Ghanaians have been repatriated. The Nigerian government has threatened to retaliate by boycotting South African assets by giants like MTN in their country; let’s see if it it not all fluff. This spat has even showed its face at the FIFA 2026 World Cup last week during the opening game between Mexico and South Africa played in Mexico City, where many African fans were supporting Mexico against South Africa.

Our African ancestors must be rolling in their graves wondering how their support to end apartheid could have paved the way to such behavior! They must be rolling in their graves as they watch us fight, while the real culprits stand on the sides and fill their pockets with our minerals, our resources, and more. In reality, we should be united, and the enemy will use every technique known in the book to keep us down… anything that divides us is not good. Xenophobia is no way to celebrate the memory of Hector Pieterson

Excerpts below is from Al-Jazeera

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Nigeria has threatened retaliatory measures against South Africa after Abuja began repatriating hundreds of Nigerians from South Africa this week amid alleged xenophobic attacks by South African protesters.

Flag and map of Nigeria
Flag and map of Nigeria

Diplomatic tensions between the two countries have spiked since the latest wave of violent anti-immigration protests by thousands of South Africans calling for strict, mass deportation measures.

… There have been three waves of anti-immigration protests since 2008, all turning violent and resulting in casualties and the looting of shops and other property. Much of the anger has targeted, in particular, nationals from Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi, as well as Nigeria and Ghana.

… On Monday, Nigerian Foreign Minister Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu accused South Africa’s government of failing to forcefully denounce violence against Nigerian nationals in South Africa. She said this had damaged the bond the two countries have enjoyed since the solidarity Nigeria showed during South Africa’s fight against apartheid. Legitimate businesses are being “looted” while children are forced to stay away from school, she said. “The police refused to do anything,” the minister added. “Nigeria is not happy because Nigeria has sacrificed much for the South African independence struggle,” Odumegwu-Ojukwu told journalists on Monday. “My own generation, we carried placards, we demonstrated in front of South African assets, sometimes we even got arrested.” At least 1,000 Nigerians were initially scheduled for repatriation this week, but Abuja says the number of people wishing to return home is rising

Visiting the Hector Pieterson Memorial and Museum

Soweto_HP_3_1I recently visited the Hector Pieterson Memorial and Museum, memorial dedicated to one of the first students to be shot dead during the 16 June 1976 Soweto Massacre. This was 13-year-old Hector Pieterson, who became the symbol of the Soweto Uprising.  The picture of his dead body being carried away by another student, Mbuyisa Makhubo, while his sister  Antoinette Sithole ran beside them in tears, was captured by news photographer Sam Nzima, and made it worldwide. When Hector was shot, he fell on the corner of Moema and Vilakazi Streets, he was picked up by Mbuyisa Makhubo who together with Hector’s sister, Antoinette (then 17 years old), ran towards Sam Nzima‘s car. They bundled him in, and the journalist Sophie Tema drove him to a nearby clinic where he was pronounced dead. Mbuyisa and Nzima were harassed by the police after the incident and both went into hiding.

Soweto_HP_2_1Visiting the museum brought some odd images, because it shows the brutality of the apartheid government against children… Imagine that: an entire government unleashing dogs, police officers, and guns on children! 1500 heavily armed police patrolling the area overnight with automatic rifles, stun guns, and carbines; driving in armored vehicles with helicopters, while the South African army was ordered on standby… for repression on school children. Such barbary!

Well, I am glad there is an entire monument dedicated to the memory of Hector Pieterson, and above all to all those children who lost their lives on 16 June 1976, and who triggered the end of apartheid.

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Remembrance: 16 June 1976 Soweto Massacre

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Soweto uprising: children walking peacefully (Source: Ezakwantu.com)

The Soweto massacre or Soweto uprisings also known as June 16, were some of the biggest massacre of the apartheid regime in South Africa, mostly because it showed police repression against kids.  On June 16, 1976, Black high school children in Soweto protested against the Afrikaans medium decree of 1974 which forced the schools to use Afrikaans as one of the main languages in schools (50-50 with English): Afrikaans was to be used to teach mathematics, arithmetic, etc…  In the 1950s, 60s, and 70s, many people preferred English as the school language, the commerce language, etc, because of the violence attached with Afrikaans which was the language of the oppressor.

Soweto Uprising (Source:kilimedia.com)
Soweto Uprising: children running away (Source: kilimedia.com)

On June 16, 1976, over 20,000 school children took part in protests which left over 700 dead (the official numbers say 176, but we all know that this number could not be further from the truth).  On that bright morning, 10,000 – 20,000 black students walked from their schools to Orlando stadium for a peaceful rally against the use of Afrikaans, the oppressor’s language, in school.  The protest had been carefully planned by the Soweto Students’ Representative Council’s (SSRC) Action Committee, with support from the Black Consciousness Movement, and teachers from Soweto.  The students were marching and they found out that police had barricaded the road along the intended route.  The leader of the SSRC action committee then asked the crowd not to provoke the police, and the march went on on a different route, eventually ending up near Orlando High School.  The students were marching, singing, and waving placards with slogans such as, “Down with Afrikaans“, “Viva Azania“, and “If we must do Afrikaans, Vorster must do Zulu.”

Hector Pieterson being carried away by Mbuyisa Makhubo, with his sister running alongside (Photo by: Sam Nzima)
Hector Pieterson being carried away by Mbuyisa Makhubo, with his sister running alongside (Photo by: Sam Nzima)

One officer shot and fired his gun causing panic and chaos.  Students started screaming and running, as more gunshots were being fired, and the police let out their dogs on children who responded by stoning the dogs.  The police then began to shoot directly at the children.  One of the first students to be shot dead was 13-year-old Hector Pieterson, who became the symbol of the Soweto uprisings.  The picture of his dead body being carried away by another student while his sister ran beside them in tears, was captured by news photographer Sam Nzima, and made it worldwide.  The police patrolled the streets throughout the night as the students came under intense attack.  Emergency clinics were swamped with injured and bloody children.  The police requested the hospitals to provide a list of all victims with bullet wounds, but the doctors refused to create the list, and recorded bullet wounds as abscesses.  On the 17th of June, 1,500 heavily armed police officers were deployed to Soweto carrying automatic rifles, stun guns, and carbines.  They were driving in armored vehicles with helicopters, while the South African army was ordered on standby… for repression onto school children.

In the end, the Soweto uprising established the leading role of African National Congress (ANC) against the apartheid regime; it marked the turning point in the opposition to white rule in South Africa.  Formerly, the struggle had been fought outside South Africa, in neighboring countries (Rhodesia – Zimbabwe, South-West Africa – Namibia, and Angola), but from that moment forward, the struggle became internal as well as external.

June 16th is now celebrated in South Africa as a public holiday.  Enjoy this quick collage about the events of June 16th, and please remember to commemorate the lives of innocent children killed on this day in South Africa, children whose future were ended too early.  Don’t forget to check out these articles on BBCLibcom.orgSouth Africa Info, and watch the video on Independent Lens on PBS.